Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
CBSE
UP Board
📘 What's inside:
Concept 1 — How to Learn a Table
```A multiplication table lists all the products of one number multiplied by 1 through 10. Learning tables by heart is the most important skill in all of mathematics — it speeds up every calculation you will ever do.
Every table fact is just repeated addition. If you forget a fact, count up in steps. For example, to recall 7 × 6: start at 7 and add 7 five more times → 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42.
▶ Tips for Learning Tables
- Say it aloud — hearing the rhythm helps memory. “Two ones are 2, two twos are 4…”
- Write it out — writing each fact 3 times builds muscle memory.
- Use patterns — every table has a pattern. Look for it (shown below for each table).
- Use commutativity — if you know 3 × 7 = 21, you automatically know 7 × 3 = 21.
- Learn the squares — 2×2=4, 3×3=9, 4×4=16 … these appear in all tables.
⚠ Remember
```
Every table from 2 to 12 has 10 facts (multiplying by 1 through 10). That is 110 facts in total. But because of the commutative property (3×7 = 7×3), there are really only 55 unique facts to memorise. Start with 2, 5, and 10 — they have the easiest patterns.
Concept 2 — Tables 2 to 12
Each table card below shows all 10 facts. The square fact (a number multiplied by itself) is highlighted in gold in each table.
```
Table of 2
Even numbers
1×2=2
6×2=12
2×2=4
7×2=14
3×2=6
8×2=16
4×2=8
9×2=18
5×2=10
10×2=20
Pattern: Products are all even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 … Always ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
Table of 3
Digit sum = 3, 6 or 9
1×3=3
6×3=18
2×3=6
7×3=21
3×3=9
8×3=24
4×3=12
9×3=27
5×3=15
10×3=30
Pattern: Add the digits of any product → always get 3, 6, or 9. (e.g. 24: 2+4=6 ✓)
Table of 4
Double the table of 2
1×4=4
6×4=24
2×4=8
7×4=28
3×4=12
8×4=32
4×4=16
9×4=36
5×4=20
10×4=40
Trick: Table of 4 = double the table of 2. (e.g. 7×4: first 7×2=14, then double it: 28)
Table of 5
Ends in 0 or 5
1×5=5
6×5=30
2×5=10
7×5=35
3×5=15
8×5=40
4×5=20
9×5=45
5×5=25
10×5=50
Pattern: Every product ends in 0 (even × 5) or 5 (odd × 5). Easiest table to learn!
Table of 6
Always even
1×6=6
6×6=36
2×6=12
7×6=42
3×6=18
8×6=48
4×6=24
9×6=54
5×6=30
10×6=60
Pattern: All products are even. When the multiplier is even, the units digit matches it (2×6=12, 4×6=24, 6×6=36…)
Table of 7
Hardest — practise most
1×7=7
6×7=42
2×7=14
7×7=49
3×7=21
8×7=56
4×7=28
9×7=63
5×7=35
10×7=70
Trick: Units digits go: 7, 4, 1, 8, 5, 2, 9, 6, 3, 0. Learn this pattern! Also: 5×7=35 and 6×7=42 are the most commonly confused.
Table of 8
Double table of 4
1×8=8
6×8=48
2×8=16
7×8=56
3×8=24
8×8=64
4×8=32
9×8=72
5×8=40
10×8=80
Trick: Table of 8 = double the table of 4. Units digits: 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0 (always even, repeating).
Table of 9
Digit sum always = 9
1×9=9
6×9=54
2×9=18
7×9=63
3×9=27
8×9=72
4×9=36
9×9=81
5×9=45
10×9=90
Magic trick: Digit sum of every product = 9. (27: 2+7=9, 63: 6+3=9 ✓) Also: tens digit = multiplier−1. (7×9=63: tens=6=7−1)
Table of 10
Easiest — add a zero
1×10=10
6×10=60
2×10=20
7×10=70
3×10=30
8×10=80
4×10=40
9×10=90
5×10=50
10×10=100
Pattern: Just write the multiplier and add a 0. 7 × 10 = 70. All products end in 0.
Table of 11
Repeat the digit
1×11=11
6×11=66
2×11=22
7×11=77
3×11=33
8×11=88
4×11=44
9×11=99
5×11=55
10×11=110
Pattern: For 1–9: just repeat the digit. 3×11=33, 7×11=77. Easiest table after 2, 5, 10!
Table of 12
Table of 10 + Table of 2
1×12=12
6×12=72
2×12=24
7×12=84
3×12=36
8×12=96
4×12=48
9×12=108
5×12=60
10×12=120
Trick: n × 12 = (n × 10) + (n × 2). e.g. 8×12 = 80+16 = 96. Split and add!
✍ Quick Recall Practice
Q1
Fill in: (a) 7 × 3 = ___ (b) 9 × 4 = ___ (c) 6 × 8 = ___ (d) 5 × 7 = ___
▼
Answer
(a) 21 (b) 36 (c) 48 (d) 35
Q2
Fill in: (a) 8 × 7 = ___ (b) 11 × 6 = ___ (c) 12 × 4 = ___ (d) 9 × 9 = ___
▼
Answer
(a) 56 (b) 66 (c) 48 (d) 81
Q3
Find the missing factor: (a) ___ × 6 = 42 (b) 9 × ___ = 72 (c) ___ × 8 = 56
▼
Answer
(a) 7 × 6 = 42 (b) 9 × 8 = 72 (c) 7 × 8 = 56
Q4
Write the complete table of 7 from 1 to 10.
▼
Answer
1×7=7 2×7=14 3×7=21 4×7=28 5×7=35
6×7=42 7×7=49 8×7=56 9×7=63 10×7=70
6×7=42 7×7=49 8×7=56 9×7=63 10×7=70
Concept 3 — Patterns and Tricks
```Every multiplication table has a pattern. Learning the pattern means you can reconstruct any fact even if you forget it momentarily.
Table of 9 — Finger Trick
Hold out 10 fingers. To find n × 9, fold down the n-th finger.
e.g. 7 × 9: fold 7th finger. Left = 6 fingers, Right = 3 fingers.
Answer = 63. ✓
Works for all 1–10!
e.g. 7 × 9: fold 7th finger. Left = 6 fingers, Right = 3 fingers.
Answer = 63. ✓
Works for all 1–10!
Table of 11 — Repeat Trick
For 1 through 9, just write the digit twice.
4 × 11 = 44
8 × 11 = 88
9 × 11 = 99
For 10+: 10×11=110, 11×11=121.
4 × 11 = 44
8 × 11 = 88
9 × 11 = 99
For 10+: 10×11=110, 11×11=121.
Table of 5 — Half × 10
n × 5 = half of (n × 10).
8 × 5: 8×10=80, half = 40. ✓
6 × 5: 6×10=60, half = 30. ✓
Works for all even numbers instantly!
8 × 5: 8×10=80, half = 40. ✓
6 × 5: 6×10=60, half = 30. ✓
Works for all even numbers instantly!
Double & Halve Strategy
Table of 4 = double table of 2.
Table of 8 = double table of 4.
Table of 6 = table of 3 doubled.
e.g. 7 × 8: first 7×4=28, double = 56. ✓
Table of 8 = double table of 4.
Table of 6 = table of 3 doubled.
e.g. 7 × 8: first 7×4=28, double = 56. ✓
▶ Square Numbers — Must Know
- 1×1=1 2×2=4 3×3=9 4×4=16 5×5=25
- 6×6=36 7×7=49 8×8=64 9×9=81 10×10=100
- 11×11=121 12×12=144
- These are called perfect squares. They appear in every table and must be memorised.
✍ Practice — Patterns
Q5
Use the 9-finger trick to find: (a) 4 × 9 (b) 8 × 9
▼
Answer
(a) Fold 4th finger: 3 left, 6 right → 36. ✓
(b) Fold 8th finger: 7 left, 2 right → 72. ✓
(b) Fold 8th finger: 7 left, 2 right → 72. ✓
Q6
Use the double strategy to find 6 × 8 (hint: use table of 4 first).
▼
Answer
Step 1: 6 × 4 = 24.
Step 2: Double it: 24 × 2 = 48.
6 × 8 = 48. ✓
Step 2: Double it: 24 × 2 = 48.
6 × 8 = 48. ✓
Q7
Name all the square numbers from 1 to 144.
▼
Answer
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144
Concept 4 — Master Multiplication Grid (2–12)
This grid shows all products at a glance. Find the row and column for your two factors — the cell where they meet is the product. Gold cells are square numbers.
```| × | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 |
| 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 | 33 | 36 |
| 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 48 |
| 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
| 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 60 | 66 | 72 |
| 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 | 77 | 84 |
| 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 | 88 | 96 |
| 9 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 72 | 81 | 90 | 99 | 108 |
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
| 11 | 22 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 | 88 | 99 | 110 | 121 | 132 |
| 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | 84 | 96 | 108 | 120 | 132 | 144 |
✍ Practice — Master Grid
Q8
Use the grid to find: (a) 7 × 9 (b) 11 × 8 (c) 12 × 7 (d) 6 × 6
▼
Answer
(a) 63 (b) 88 (c) 84 (d) 36 (square number)
Q9
Find all pairs of factors in the table that give a product of 36.
▼
Answer
From the grid, 36 appears at:
3 × 12 = 36 4 × 9 = 36 6 × 6 = 36 9 × 4 = 36 12 × 3 = 36
(Also 2×18 and 1×36, but those are outside this grid.)
3 × 12 = 36 4 × 9 = 36 6 × 6 = 36 9 × 4 = 36 12 × 3 = 36
(Also 2×18 and 1×36, but those are outside this grid.)
★ Key Points to Remember
- Tables 2, 5, 10 and 11 have the easiest patterns — learn these first.
- Table of 4 = double table of 2. Table of 8 = double table of 4.
- Table of 9: digit sum always = 9. Use the finger trick.
- Table of 11: for 1–9, just repeat the digit (6×11=66).
- Table of 12: split as (n × 10) + (n × 2).
- Square numbers (1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144) must be memorised.
- Because of the commutative property, learning one fact gives you two (3×7=21 means 7×3=21 too).
Exam Style — Class 2, 3 & 4
6 Questions on Multiplication Tables
Q1
Fill in the blanks: (a) 6 × 7 = ___ (b) 8 × 9 = ___ (c) 12 × 6 = ___ (d) 11 × 9 = ___
▼
Answer
(a) 42 (b) 72 (c) 72 (d) 99
Q2
Find the missing factor: (a) ___ × 7 = 63 (b) 8 × ___ = 96 (c) ___ × 11 = 77
▼
Answer
(a) 9 × 7 = 63 (b) 8 × 12 = 96 (c) 7 × 11 = 77
Q3
Write the complete table of 9. Use the digit-sum pattern to verify three of your answers.
▼
Answer
1×9=9 2×9=18 3×9=27 4×9=36 5×9=45
6×9=54 7×9=63 8×9=72 9×9=81 10×9=90
Verification (digit sum = 9):
27: 2+7=9 ✓ 54: 5+4=9 ✓ 81: 8+1=9 ✓
6×9=54 7×9=63 8×9=72 9×9=81 10×9=90
Verification (digit sum = 9):
27: 2+7=9 ✓ 54: 5+4=9 ✓ 81: 8+1=9 ✓
Q4
A student says 7 × 8 = 54. Is this correct? What is the right answer and how can the student check it?
▼
Answer
No, 7 × 8 = 54 is incorrect. (54 = 6 × 9.)
Correct answer: 7 × 8 = 56.
Check by repeated addition: 7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7 = 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56. ✓
Or use the double strategy: 7×4=28, double = 56. ✓
Correct answer: 7 × 8 = 56.
Check by repeated addition: 7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7 = 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56. ✓
Or use the double strategy: 7×4=28, double = 56. ✓
Q5
Find all square numbers between 20 and 100.
▼
Answer
5×5=25 6×6=36 7×7=49 8×8=64 9×9=81 10×10=100
Square numbers between 20 and 100: 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100.
Square numbers between 20 and 100: 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100.
Q6
Use the table of 12 and the split trick to find: (a) 9 × 12 (b) 7 × 12 (c) 11 × 12
▼
Answer
Using n×12 = (n×10)+(n×2):
(a) 9×12 = (9×10)+(9×2) = 90+18 = 108
(b) 7×12 = (7×10)+(7×2) = 70+14 = 84
(c) 11×12 = (11×10)+(11×2) = 110+22 = 132
(a) 9×12 = (9×10)+(9×2) = 90+18 = 108
(b) 7×12 = (7×10)+(7×2) = 70+14 = 84
(c) 11×12 = (11×10)+(11×2) = 110+22 = 132
📄 Free Worksheet
Practise all tables from 2 to 12 with fill-in-the-blank, missing factor, and timed recall exercises. No login required.
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