Content updated on 24 April 2026
How can two short, choppy sentences become one smooth, powerful statement? How do professional writers avoid writing like a textbook? Synthesis of sentences is the art of combining two or more simple sentences into a single, well‑structured sentence — simple, compound, or complex. This lesson for Class 9 and 10 students will teach you multiple methods of synthesis: using participles, infinitives, conjunctions, relative clauses, and more. By the end, you will be able to transform a cluster of short ideas into elegant, mature prose, a skill highly rewarded in board exams and beyond.
✅ Recommended for: Class 9–10 (Advanced Grammar) | CBSE & UP Board
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1. What is Synthesis of Sentences?
Synthesis means combining two or more simple sentences into one new sentence. The resulting sentence can be simple, compound, or complex. The goal is not just to shorten text, but to show the logical relationship between ideas — cause and effect, time sequence, contrast, condition, purpose, and more. Board exams often give two sentences and ask you to combine them using the instructions in brackets.
2. Synthesis by Using a Participle
When two actions happen closely in time or one action causes another, you can use a present participle (‑ing) or a past participle (‑ed/‑en) to combine them.
- Given: The thief saw the police. He ran away.
Combined: Seeing the police, the thief ran away. (present participle) - Given: The sun had set. We stopped playing.
Combined: The sun having set, we stopped playing. (perfect participle)
3. Synthesis by Using an Infinitive
When one sentence shows a purpose or an effect, you can use the infinitive (to + verb).
- Given: She works very hard. She wants to win the scholarship.
Combined: She works very hard to win the scholarship. - Given: I went to the market. I needed to buy vegetables.
Combined: I went to the market to buy vegetables.
4. Synthesis by Using a Conjunction
Conjunctions connect two independent clauses (compound) or connect a dependent clause to a main clause (complex).
- Compound (coordinating): I called him. He did not answer. → I called him but he did not answer.
- Complex (subordinating): He was poor. He was honest. → Although he was poor, he was honest.
- Complex (cause): She was late. She missed the bus. → She missed the bus because she was late.
5. Synthesis by Using a Relative Clause
When the second sentence describes or identifies a noun from the first sentence, you can convert it into a relative clause using who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when.
- Given: The girl is standing there. She is my sister.
Combined: The girl who is standing there is my sister. - Given: This is the house. I was born here.
Combined: This is the house where I was born.
6. Solved Examples (5)
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Explanation: The first verb 'saw' is changed to the present participle 'Seeing'. Both actions share the same subject, so the participle correctly begins the combined simple sentence.
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Explanation: The purpose clause 'wanted to' is replaced by the infinitive 'to borrow'. The combined sentence is now a simple sentence with a clear purpose.
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Explanation: The two independent clauses are joined by the coordinating conjunction 'and'. The result is a compound sentence showing sequential events.
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Explanation: The pronoun 'His' refers to 'The actor'. It is replaced by the relative pronoun 'whose', and the second sentence becomes a relative clause describing the actor.
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Explanation: The contrast between the two ideas is expressed with 'Although'. The first clause becomes a dependent adverb clause of concession, making the combined sentence complex.
7. Practice Questions (5)
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Explanation: The verb 'was reading' is reduced to the present participle 'reading' and attached to the main clause.
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Explanation: The purpose clause is replaced by the infinitive phrase 'to prepare'.
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Explanation: The two qualities are combined with 'and', creating a simple sentence with a compound predicate.
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Explanation: The pronoun 'He' is replaced by 'who', forming an adjective clause that describes the doctor.
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Explanation: The conjunction 'Because' links the cause (flooded roads) to the effect (holiday) in a complex sentence.
Why Synthesis is a Mark of Mature Writing
Synthesis of sentences is not just a grammar exercise; it is the bridge between childish writing and mature expression. When you learn to combine sentences using participles, infinitives, and clauses, you gain the ability to show relationships — cause, time, contrast, purpose — rather than just stating isolated facts. This skill directly improves your essays, letters, and even answers in other subjects. The next time you write something, look for two short sentences that could become one. Apply what you've learned here, and your writing will immediately sound more polished and professional.
- Article Writing Worksheet — Apply synthesis to create engaging, varied prose.
- Speech Writing Worksheet — Combine short ideas into powerful rhetoric.
- Hindi Grammar Hub — เคตाเค्เคฏ เคธंเคถ्เคฒेเคทเคฃ เคเคฐ เคต्เคฏाเคเคฐเคฃ।
- Worksheets Master Hub — Every worksheet you need.
๐ Synthesis of Sentences Worksheet – Class 9 & 10
This worksheet provides extensive practice in combining sentences using participles, infinitives, conjunctions, and relative clauses. It includes step‑by‑step synthesis tasks, error correction, and mixed exercises. Includes 50 questions.
Synthesis of Sentences Worksheet »Answer key included • Aligned with CBSE & UP Board curriculum
