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Chapter 4 - The Age of Industrialisation – Class 10 History Important MCQ's (CBSE)

🧠 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) - Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation

Practice these 30 carefully selected MCQs covering all key concepts from the chapter. Includes standard, assertion-reasoning, and case-based questions as per latest CBSE pattern. Perfect for quick revision and self-assessment.

Standard MCQs (1 Mark Each)

Choose the single correct option for questions 1 to 15.

  1. In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin first?
    (a) France
    (b) Germany
    (c) Britain
    (d) United States
    Answer: (c) Britain
    Explanation: The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century.
  2. The "Spinning Jenny" was invented by:
    (a) Richard Arkwright
    (b) James Hargreaves
    (c) Samuel Crompton
    (d) John Kay
    Answer: (b) James Hargreaves
    Explanation: James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764.
  3. The "Proto-industrialisation" refers to:
    (a) Factory-based production
    (b) Early industrial production in countryside
    (c) Handicraft production in cities
    (d) Mining industry
    Answer: (b) Early industrial production in countryside
    Explanation: Proto-industrialisation was phase of industrial production in rural areas before factories.
  4. The first iron bridge in the world was built in:
    (a) London
    (b) Manchester
    (c) Coalbrookdale
    (d) Birmingham
    Answer: (c) Coalbrookdale
    Explanation: First iron bridge built in 1779 at Coalbrookdale, England.
  5. "Orient" refers to:
    (a) Western countries
    (b) Countries to the east of Europe
    (c) African nations
    (d) American continent
    Answer: (b) Countries to the east of Europe
    Explanation: Orient refers to Eastern countries, especially Asia, from European perspective.
  6. The "Fly Shuttle" was used in:
    (a) Mining industry
    (b) Cotton textile industry
    (c) Iron and steel industry
    (d) Transportation
    Answer: (b) Cotton textile industry
    Explanation: Fly shuttle (John Kay, 1733) sped up weaving process in textile industry.
  7. The "Bombay Deccan" refers to:
    (a) Coastal region of Bombay
    (b) Hinterland of Bombay Presidency
    (c) Bombay city only
    (d) Port area of Bombay
    Answer: (b) Hinterland of Bombay Presidency
    Explanation: Bombay Deccan refers to rural hinterland supplying raw cotton to Bombay mills.
  8. The first cotton mill in India was established in:
    (a) 1818
    (b) 1854
    (c) 1874
    (d) 1885
    Answer: (b) 1854
    Explanation: First cotton mill established in Bombay in 1854 by Cowasji Nanabhai Davar.
  9. The "Manchester of India" is:
    (a) Delhi
    (b) Madras
    (c) Ahmedabad
    (d) Kanpur
    Answer: (c) Ahmedabad
    Explanation: Ahmedabad was called Manchester of India due to its cotton textile industry.
  10. The "Jobber" in Indian industries was:
    (a) Factory owner
    (b) Supervisor appointed by workers
    (c) Recruitment agent for workers
    (d) Government inspector
    Answer: (c) Recruitment agent for workers
    Explanation: Jobbers were recruiters who brought workers to factories, often exploiting them.
  11. The "East India Company" initially came to India for:
    (a) Industrial development
    (b) Spreading education
    (c) Trade in spices and textiles
    (d) Religious conversion
    Answer: (c) Trade in spices and textiles
    Explanation: EIC was a trading company initially focused on Indian spices and textiles.
  12. The "Industrial Revolution" led to:
    (a) Decline of cities
    (b) Growth of factory system
    (c) Decrease in population
    (d) Return to agricultural economy
    Answer: (b) Growth of factory system
    Explanation: Industrial Revolution marked shift from cottage industry to factory production.
  13. The "Steam Engine" was improved by:
    (a) Thomas Newcomen
    (b) James Watt
    (c) George Stephenson
    (d) Richard Trevithick
    Answer: (b) James Watt
    Explanation: James Watt's improvements (1769) made steam engine efficient for industrial use.
  14. The "Luddism" movement was:
    (a) Support for new machines
    (b) Opposition to machines by workers
    (c) Trade union movement
    (d) Factory reform movement
    Answer: (b) Opposition to machines by workers
    Explanation: Luddites were workers who destroyed machines fearing job losses (1811-16).
  15. The "Tagore family" of Bengal invested in:
    (a) Shipping industry
    (b) Mining industry
    (c) Jute and mining industries
    (d) Tea plantations only
    Answer: (c) Jute and mining industries
    Explanation: Tagore family invested in various industries including jute and mining.

Assertion-Reasoning Questions (1 Mark Each)

Directions: For questions 16 to 25, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
  1. Assertion (A): Proto-industrialisation supplemented shrinking agricultural incomes.
    Reason (R): Peasants could work on textiles during seasons when agricultural work was low.
    Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: Rural households engaged in proto-industrial work when farm work was unavailable.
  2. Assertion (A): Indian textiles declined in European markets in 19th century.
    Reason (R): British imposed import duties on Indian cloth to protect their mills.
    Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: High tariffs (80% on Indian textiles) made Indian cloth expensive in Britain.
  3. Assertion (A): The first factories in England came up by 1730s.
    Reason (R): Richard Arkwright created the first cotton mill requiring new workplace discipline.
    Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: Arkwright's mill (1771) pioneered factory system with strict work schedules.
  4. Assertion (A): Women workers were paid less than men in factories.
    Reason (R): Industrialists believed women were physically stronger than men.
    Answer: (c) A is true but R is false
    Explanation: Women were paid less due to gender discrimination, not because they were considered stronger.
  5. Assertion (A): Manchester imports of Indian cotton declined from 1840s.
    Reason (R): Indian weavers switched to machine-made yarn from Britain.
    Answer: (d) A is false but R is true
    Explanation: Actually, Manchester's Indian cotton imports grew as railways expanded markets. But Indian weavers did use British yarn.
  6. Assertion (A): Indian industrial growth was slow in early 20th century.
    Reason (R): First World War created favorable conditions for Indian industry.
    Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: While both are true, slow growth was due to colonial policies, not WWI which actually helped Indian industry.
  7. Assertion (A): Advertisement became important for selling products in 19th century.
    Reason (R): Mass production required mass consumption through marketing.
    Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: Factories produced large quantities requiring advertising to create demand.
  8. Assertion (A): Indian businessmen began establishing industries in late 19th century.
    Reason (R): Swadeshi movement encouraged Indian enterprise against British goods.
    Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: Swadeshi (1905) boosted Indian industries by promoting domestic products.
  9. Assertion (A): Workers' housing in industrial cities was often overcrowded and unhealthy.
    Reason (R): Factory owners provided excellent housing facilities to attract workers.
    Answer: (c) A is true but R is false
    Explanation: Workers lived in slums with poor sanitation, not in good housing provided by owners.
  10. Assertion (A): Handloom weaving survived despite competition from mills.
    Reason (R): Mills could not imitate specialized weaves and designs of handlooms.
    Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Explanation: Handlooms survived in niche markets producing fine quality and specialized textiles.

Case-Based Questions (1 Mark Each)

For questions 26 to 30, read the case/source carefully and answer.

  1. Case: "In Victorian Britain, upper classes preferred things produced by hand. Handmade products came to symbolize refinement and class."

    What does this indicate about early industrial Britain?
    (a) Machine goods were immediately popular
    (b) There was resistance to machine-made goods
    (c) All classes preferred factory products
    (d) Handmade goods were cheaper
    Answer: (b) There was resistance to machine-made goods
    Explanation: Elite preferred handmade items as status symbols, showing initial resistance to factory goods.

  2. Case: Study this data on Indian industries (1914):

    Industry Number of Workers Major Centers
    Cotton Textiles 260,000 Bombay, Ahmedabad
    Jute 216,000 Calcutta
    Iron and Steel 31,000 Jamshedpur
    Coal Mining 150,000 Bengal, Bihar
    What does this data indicate about Indian industrialization?
    (a) Balanced industrial development across sectors
    (b) Concentration in textile and mining industries
    (c) Heavy machinery industry dominance
    (d) Equal distribution of workers in all industries
    Answer: (b) Concentration in textile and mining industries
    Explanation: Most workers were in textiles and mining, showing limited industrial diversification.

  3. Case: "The jobber was a person with some authority. He got people from his village, settled them into jobs, and helped them in times of crisis."

    What was the negative aspect of the jobber system?
    (a) They provided social security
    (b) They often demanded money for jobs
    (c) They trained workers in new skills
    (d) They ensured fair wages
    Answer: (b) They often demanded money for jobs
    Explanation: Jobbers exploited workers by demanding bribes for jobs and loans.

  4. Case: "When Indian manufacturers advertised, they often printed 'Made in India' on labels. They appealed to nationalist feelings."

    What strategy were Indian industrialists using?
    (a) Celebrating British superiority
    (b) Using swadeshi appeal for marketing
    (c) Promoting imported goods
    (d) Discouraging nationalist sentiments
    Answer: (b) Using swadeshi appeal for marketing
    Explanation: Indian manufacturers used nationalism to sell products against British competition.

  5. Case: Read about factory conditions in early industrial Britain:

    Feature Description
    Working Hours 12-16 hours daily
    Child Labor Common, children as young as 5-6 years
    Safety No safety devices on machines
    Wages Very low, with fines for mistakes
    What was a major consequence of these conditions?
    (a) High productivity and worker satisfaction
    (b) Growth of trade unions and labor movements
    (c) Decrease in industrial accidents
    (d) Government praise for factory owners
    Answer: (b) Growth of trade unions and labor movements
    Explanation: Harsh conditions led workers to organize for better rights and conditions.

📝 How to Use This Section Effectively

First attempt: Try all questions without looking at answers
Check answers: Compare your responses with provided answers
Review mistakes: For wrong answers, revisit the related concept in Smart Notes
Time yourself: Aim to complete 30 MCQs within 20-25 minutes
Revise regularly: Re-attempt questions you found difficult after 2-3 days
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